FOURTH BHMS Winter 2023 PRACTICE OF MEDICINE / MEDICINE / HOMOEOPATHIC THERAPEUTICS -2 [Solved Paper]

 

2) Short Answer Question 

a)     Myasthenia Gravis

b)     Tetralogy of Fallot

c)     Mood Disorder

d)     Scabies

e)     Frost Bite

f)      Measles

3) Short Answer Questions 

a)       Indication of Nitric Acid in UTI

b)      Indications of Eupatorium Perf in Fever

c)       Indication of Urtica Urens in Urticaria

d)      Indication of Abrotanum in Marasmus

e)       Indication of Colocynth in Infantile Colic

f)        Indication ofAconite in Anxiety

4) Long Answer Questions 

a)           What in details about Sickle cell anemia give its Homoeopathic management with two remedies.

b)           Write in details about Filariasis, give its Homoeopathic management with two remedies.

c)            Describe Renal Calculi and give its management with two Homoeopathic remedy.

d)           Homoeopathic approach of Eczema with 2 remedies

 Long Answer Questions 

5) Write in details about Mitral stenosis with scope and limitation of Homoeopathy and its auxiliary line of treatment, its acute and chronic prescribing with at least two drugs.

6) Write in details of Migraine, discuss its miasmatic headings and give its Homoeopathic management with acute and chronic prescribing at least with two remedies.

7) Write in details about clinical approach to patient with Diabetes Mellitus, give its scope and limitation of Homoeopathy with acute and chronic prescribing at least with two remedies.

Here is the complete solution to the full BHMS Fourth Year [Practice of Medicine Paper] based on the pattern you provided:

---

✅ 2. Short Answer Questions

a) Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.

• Cause: Autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction

• Features: Ptosis, diplopia, difficulty in chewing/swallowing, muscle fatigue

• Diagnosis: Edrophonium test, anti-AChR antibodies

• Treatment: Anticholinesterases, immunosuppressants, thymectomy

b) Tetralogy of Fallot

A congenital cyanotic heart disease with four defects:

1. Ventricular septal defect

2. Pulmonary stenosis

3. Right ventricular hypertrophy

4. Overriding of the aorta

• Symptoms: Cyanosis, clubbing, squatting position, murmurs

• Treatment: Surgical correction (Blalock-Taussig shunt, total repair)

c) Mood Disorder

Psychiatric disorders characterized by disturbance in mood:

• Types: Depression, Bipolar disorder, Dysthymia, Cyclothymia

• Symptoms: Sadness, irritability, euphoria, lack of interest

• Treatment: Psychotherapy, antidepressants, mood stabilizers

d) Scabies

A contagious skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mite.

• Transmission: Close contact

• Symptoms: Itching (especially at night), burrows in interdigital spaces, axilla, groin

• Treatment: Permethrin cream, hygiene maintenance, treating contacts

e) Frost Bite

Tissue injury due to exposure to extreme cold.

• Affected areas: Fingers, toes, nose, ears

• Symptoms: Numbness, pale skin, blistering, black gangrene in severe cases

• Management: Gradual rewarming, analgesia, surgical debridement if needed

f) Measles

Acute viral illness caused by Measles virus (paramyxovirus).

• Symptoms: Fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, maculopapular rash

• Complications: Pneumonia, otitis media, encephalitis

• Prevention: MMR vaccine

---

✅ 3. Short Answer Questions – Homoeopathic Therapeutics

a) Indication of Nitric Acid in UTI

• Offensive, dark urine with strong ammonia-like odor

• Cutting pain after urination

• Urine passes drop by drop

• Bleeding from urethra

b) Indications of Eupatorium Perfoliatum in Fever

• High fever with intense bone pains ("as if broken")

• Thirst before chills

• Nausea before chills

• Influenza, dengue-like fevers

c) Indication of Urtica Urens in Urticaria

• Red, raised, stinging eruptions

• Urticaria from shellfish, exposure to cold

• Itching, burning better by rubbing

d) Indication of Abrotanum in Marasmus

• Emaciation, especially of lower limbs

• Ravenous appetite with emaciation

• Marasmus of children after diarrhea

• Ill effects of suppressed diarrhea

e) Indication of Colocynth in Infantile Colic

• Violent abdominal pain with restlessness

• Child doubles up, better by pressure or bending forward

• Colic after anger or indignation

f) Indication of Aconite in Anxiety

• Sudden, intense fear of death

• Anxiety after shock or fright

• Restlessness, panic attacks

• Acute conditions with high fever

---

✅ 4. Long Answer Questions

a) Sickle Cell Anemia with Homeopathic Management

Definition: A hereditary hemoglobinopathy where RBCs become sickle-shaped due to defective hemoglobin (HbS).

Clinical Features:

• Anemia

• Painful vaso-occlusive crises

• Splenomegaly

• Delayed growth, jaundice

Complications: Stroke, infections, avascular necrosis

Diagnosis: Hemoglobin electrophoresis, peripheral smear

Homeopathic Management:

• Ferrum metallicum: Anemia with weakness, flushed face

• Natrum mur: Chronic cases with emaciation, irritability, periodic crises

---

b) Filariasis with Homoeopathic Management

Definition: A parasitic infection caused by Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted by mosquito bites.

Symptoms:

• Fever with chills

• Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis

• Elephantiasis (chronic)

• Hydrocele

Diagnosis: Blood smear for microfilaria, antigen detection

Homeopathic Remedies:

• Ars alb: Restlessness, prostration, periodic fever

• Hydrocotyle asiatica: Thickened skin, indurations in chronic elephantiasis

---

c) Renal Calculi with Homoeopathic Management

Definition: Formation of stones in the kidney or urinary tract.

Causes: Dehydration, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, infections

Symptoms:

• Renal colic (severe flank pain)

• Hematuria

• Nausea, vomiting

• Dysuria

Diagnosis: USG, X-ray KUB, Urinalysis

Homeopathic Remedies:

• Berberis vulgaris: Pain radiating from kidney to ureter and bladder, bubbling sensation

• Cantharis: Burning urination, constant urge, hematuria

---

d) Eczema – Homoeopathic Approach with 2 Remedies

Definition: Chronic inflammatory skin condition with itching, redness, and scaling.

Types: Atopic, contact, seborrheic

Symptoms:

• Itching, oozing vesicles, crusting

• Lichenification in chronic stages

Homeopathic Management:

• Graphites: Eczema with honey-like discharge, cracks in folds of skin

• Sulphur: Dry, scaly eruptions with itching worse from warmth

---

✅ 5. Mitral Stenosis – Homeopathic View

Definition: Narrowing of the mitral valve, obstructing blood flow from LA to LV.

Etiology: Mostly rheumatic heart disease

Symptoms:

• Dyspnea, orthopnea

• Palpitations

• Hemoptysis

• Malar flush

Signs: Diastolic murmur, loud S1, opening snap

Diagnosis: ECG, echocardiogram, chest X-ray

Scope & Limitation of Homoeopathy:

• Scope: Relief of symptoms, control of disease progression in early stages

• Limitation: Not curative in advanced stenosis; surgery may be needed

Auxiliary Treatment:

• Salt restriction

• Treating underlying rheumatic fever

• Monitor for AF, embolism

Acute Prescribing:

• Aconite: Sudden dyspnea, anxiety, palpitations

Chronic Prescribing:

• Digitalis: Irregular heartbeat, dyspnea on exertion, slow pulse

---

✅ 6. Migraine with Miasmatic Understanding & Management

Definition: Recurrent episodes of headache often associated with nausea and photophobia.

Etiology: Genetic, stress, hormonal changes, triggers

Miasmatic Background:

• Psora: Nervous origin, periodicity

• Sycosis: Congestive, fullness in head

• Syphilis: Destructive, boring pains

Symptoms:

• Unilateral headache

• Nausea, vomiting

• Visual aura

Homeopathic Management:

Acute Prescribing:

• Belladonna: Throbbing headache, redness, congestion

Chronic Prescribing:

• Iris versicolor: Periodic migraine with nausea and visual aura

---

✅ 7. Diabetes Mellitus – Clinical Approach & Homoeopathic Management

Definition: Metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency/resistance.

Types: Type 1 (IDDM), Type 2 (NIDDM)

Symptoms:

• Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

• Fatigue, weight loss

• Delayed wound healing

Diagnosis: Fasting glucose, HbA1c, GTT

Clinical Approach:

• Full history and physical examination

• Monitor glucose, lipids, renal function

• Prevent complications (retinopathy, neuropathy)

Scope & Limitation:

• Scope: Symptom control, stabilization in mild/moderate cases

• Limitation: Insulin-dependent cases require insulin therapy

Acute Prescribing:

• Phosphoric acid: Diabetes with mental weakness and exhaustion

Chronic Prescribing:

• Syzygium jambolanum: Reduces sugar without affecting nutrition; specific for diabetes

---

#BHMSFinalYear  

#PracticeOfMedicine  

#HomeopathySolvedPaper  

#MUHSBHMS  

#HomeopathyExams  

#MedicalQuestionPapers  

#BHMSFourthYear  

#HomeopathyStudyMaterial  

#SickleCellAnemia  

#Filariasis  

#RenalCalculi  

#EczemaTreatment  

#MigraineRelief  

#MitralStenosis  

#DiabetesManagement  

#MateriaMedica  

#HomeopathicRemedies  

#MedicalStudyNotes  

#HomeopathyForStudents  

#HomeopathicPhilosophy