Fourth B.H.M.S. (2015) Examination Winter - 2021 ORGANON OF MEDICINE AND HOMOEOPATHIC PHILOSOPHY - |

 2. Short answer questions 

a) Describe the treatment of ‘one sided diseases’ as given in ‘Organon’.

b) Describe the probable way in which Homoeopathic cure takes place.

 ¢) Describe what are “inappropriately termed chronic diseases’, their various

causes & suitable examples of each.

 d) Describe what is ‘highest ideal of cure’.

e) Define and describe ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ actions.

f) Describe what is ‘unprejudiced observer’.

3. Short Answer Questions 

- a) Define Homoeopathic <, its causes and treatment.

b) Describe the general precautions to be taken by a physician while treating

patients suffering from ‘mental diseases’.

.c) State the types and describe the treatment of ‘intermittent diseases’ as

stated in ‘Organon’.

d) Describe ‘mesmerism’ in detail.

 @) Discuss what Dr. Hahnemann meant by ‘ mongrel sect’

f) Describe ‘medicinal <‘, its causes and treatment.

4. Long answer questions 

a) State and describe the various types of ‘mental diseases’, their causes

and treatment of each type.

OR

b) What are the precautions to be taken and guidelines given by Dr.

Hahnemann regarding selection of potency and repetition of medicine, in

‘Organon’?

-c) What are ‘local diseases’? State their types and treatment.

OR

d) What is the importance of nosological diagnosis in Homoeopathy?

Long Answer Questions 

5. What are the guidelines given by Dr. Hahnemann regarding storage of

Homoeopathic medicinal substances?

6. Define & describe ‘Homoeopathic Drug proving’ as stated in ‘Organon’.

7, Define and describe ‘one sided diseases’ with their treatment.

✅ Q.2 – Short Answer Questions (All 6 Solved)

[6 × 5 = 30 Marks]

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🔹 a) Treatment of One-Sided Diseases (Aph. 172–184, Organon)

• Diseases with few or no perceptible symptoms.

• Dr. Hahnemann classified them as:

  • Mental One-Sided (e.g. insanity, melancholy)

  • Physical One-Sided (e.g. deafness, blindness)

Treatment:

• Individualization based on existing symptoms

• Observation over time to reveal latent symptoms

• Use of remedies that best cover existing totality

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🔹 b) Probable Way Homoeopathic Cure Takes Place (Aph. 26, 27, 28)

• Based on Law of Similars: “Similia Similibus Curentur”

• Vital force is deranged → symptoms arise

• Similar remedy provokes a slightly stronger artificial disease

• This displaces the natural disease, and vital force is restored

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🔹 c) Inappropriately Termed Chronic Diseases

These are not true chronic diseases. Types:

1. Due to improper lifestyle: e.g. alcoholism, overeating

2. Medicinal diseases: From long allopathic drug use

3. Occupational causes: e.g. silicosis in miners

Dr. Hahnemann warns these should not be confused with miasmatic chronic diseases.

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🔹 d) Highest Ideal of Cure (Aph. 2)

“The highest ideal of cure is rapid, gentle, and permanent restoration of health…”

Key Aspects:

• Remove disease in its totality

• Use mild and homoeopathic means

• Restore the vital force without suppression

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🔹 e) Primary and Secondary Action (Aph. 63–65)

• Primary Action: Direct effect of medicine on body

• Secondary Action: Reaction of vital force to restore balance

Examples:

• Opium causes sleep (primary); followed by sleeplessness (secondary)

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🔹 f) Unprejudiced Observer (Aph. 6)

A physician must:

• Observe facts objectively

• Record symptoms without bias

• Avoid imagination, be faithful to what the patient expresses

• View symptoms as expressions of the inner disturbance

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✅ Q.3 – Short Answer Questions (All 6 Solved)

[6 × 5 = 30 Marks]

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🔹 a) Homoeopathic Aggravation

Definition:
Temporary intensification of symptoms after administering the correct remedy.

Causes:

• High potency or too frequent repetition

• Sensitive patient

• Advanced pathology

Treatment:

• Wait and watch if symptoms are bearable

• Reduce dose/potency in future

• Avoid repetition until necessary

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🔹 b) Precautions While Treating Mental Diseases (Aph. 215–230)

• Remove exciting/maintaining causes

• Avoid harsh confinement

• Gentle and firm attitude by physician

• Never argue with the patient

• Remedies must cover physical + mental symptoms

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🔹 c) Types & Treatment of Intermittent Diseases (Aph. 231–244)

Types:

1. Typical: Regular periodicity (e.g., malaria)

2. Atypical: Irregular attacks

3. Alternating: Symptoms change over intervals

Treatment:

• Avoid Cinchona blindly

• Use indicated remedy based on totality during attack-free phase

• Intermittent types often have psoric or miasmatic origin

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🔹 d) Mesmerism (Aph. 293–294)

• Therapeutic use of animal magnetism

• Introduced by Franz Mesmer

• Used for nervous affections, chronic debility

• Non-medicinal healing method using touch, gestures

• Vital force of mesmerist affects patient’s life energy

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🔹 e) Mongrel Sect (Aph. 52–54)

• Term used by Hahnemann for:

  • Half-homoeopaths: who mix methods (e.g., antipathic treatment)

  • Eclectics: who use polypharmacy

  • They damage the integrity of homoeopathy

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🔹 f) Medicinal Aggravation

• Due to strong, unhomoeopathic or too frequent medicine

• Prolongs or complicates disease state

• Occurs when inappropriate high-potency drugs are used

• Treat by waiting, antidoting if severe

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✅ Q.4 – Long Answer Questions (All 4 Solved)

[4 × 10 = 40 Marks]

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🔷 a) Types of Mental Diseases, Causes, and Treatment

(As per Aphorisms 210–230)

Types:

1. Mental diseases with somatic origin (physical → mental)

   • E.g. post-fever insanity, melancholia

   • Treated like chronic psoric diseases

2. Mental diseases as primary expression

   • e.g. mania, insanity

   • Symptoms begin in the mind

3. Alternate mental and physical states

   • Physical complaints alternating with mental derangement

   • e.g. epilepsy with mania

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Causes:

• Suppression of emotions (grief, jealousy)

• Genetic predisposition

• Suppressed eruptions

• Excessive indulgence or abuse

• Unhealthy family dynamics

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Treatment Principles:

• Case taking must include physical + mental generals

• Removal of exciting causes

• Avoid contradicting patient

• Use well-selected constitutional remedy

• Manage environmental factors (isolation if harmful)

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🔷 b) Guidelines on Selection of Potency & Repetition

(As per Aph. 246–250)

Selection of Potency:

• Based on sensitivity, vitality, and nature of illness

• In general:

  • Acute diseases: higher potencies at intervals

  • Chronic diseases: medium to high, cautiously

Repetition Guidelines:

• Single dose: In early stages or high sensitivity

• Repetition:

  • As long as improvement continues, don’t repeat

  • If improvement ceases: repeat same potency

  • In non-response: change remedy or potency

Precautions:

• Avoid frequent repetition in hypersensitive cases

• Observe for homoeopathic aggravation

• Evaluate progress on mental, general, and particular symptoms

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🔷 c) Local Diseases – Types and Treatment

(As per Aph. 185–200)

Definition:
Diseases where symptoms appear only in one part or organ, with no apparent systemic signs.

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Types:

1. Truly local: External injuries, burns, wounds

2. Pseudo-local: Skin eruptions, ulcers (systemic in origin)

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Treatment Principles:

• Avoid local suppression

• Take full case including general symptoms

• Select constitutional remedy

• For truly local injuries: use specific external + internal support (e.g. Arnica, Calendula)

Hahnemann warns: Suppressing external complaints can drive disease inward (e.g., eczema → asthma)

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🔷 d) Importance of Nosological Diagnosis in Homoeopathy

Though homoeopathy is based on individualization, nosological diagnosis has several purposes:

1. To understand the pathological stage:

• Helps evaluate the reversibility of condition

2. For referral or emergency care:

• E.g., acute appendicitis needs surgery

3. For public health and statistical purposes

4. For differential diagnosis and avoiding prescribing errors

5. For recognizing miasmatic background:

• Tuberculosis, syphilis, etc., may be underlying causes

Conclusion:
While the prescription is based on symptom totality, diagnosis helps evaluate prognosis, monitor progress, and communicate within medical systems.

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✅ Q.5 – Guidelines for Storage of Homoeopathic Medicines

[20 Marks]

As per Aphorism 264 and modern pharmacopoeia:

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1. Clean, dry, dark place

• Avoid direct sunlight, moisture, and strong odors

• Use amber-colored glass bottles

2. Avoid contamination

• Don’t open bottles near strong odors (camphor, menthol)

• Keep dropper bottles and medicated globules sealed

3. Avoid contact with electromagnetic fields

• Keep away from mobile phones, radiations

4. Store alcohol-based medicines upright

• To prevent leakage or cork damage

5. Label clearly and store by potency

• Separate 6C, 30C, 200C, etc.

6. Keep away from household items and food

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✅ Q.6 – Homoeopathic Drug Proving (Aphorisms 105–145)

[20 Marks]

Definition:
Systematic administration of a drug on healthy individuals to elicit the symptoms it can produce, forming the Materia Medica.

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Steps in Proving:

1. Select healthy, sensitive volunteers

2. Use known, moderate doses in repeated administration

3. Record all changes: mental, physical, modalities

4. Maintain diary and conduct over weeks

5. Compare symptoms across provers

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Importance:

• Basis of Materia Medica

• Ensures safe, specific prescribing

• Confirms Law of Similars

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Types:

• Proving on healthy humans (ideal)

• Proving on animals (limited)

• Pathogenetic trials (modern)

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✅ Q.7 – One-Sided Diseases: Definition and Treatment

(Aphorisms 172–184)
[20 Marks]

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Definition:

Diseases in which the patient presents with very few symptoms, insufficient to form a complete totality.

Examples:

• Deafness without other complaints

• Hypochondriasis

• Chronic vertigo

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Causes:

• Advanced pathology

• Poor vital reaction

• Mental suppression

• Lack of patient observation

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Types:

1. With predominant mental symptoms

   • e.g. melancholia, mania

2. With predominant physical symptoms

   • e.g. localised numbness, isolated ulcer

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Treatment:

• Begin with remedy that covers available symptoms

• Use repetition cautiously

• Wait and observe → new symptoms may arise

• Modify prescription as the case evolves

• Use Nosodes or intercurrent remedies if needed

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