4th BHMS Winter - 2022 ORGANON OF MEDICINE & HOMOEOPATHIC PHILOSOPHY-2 [SOLVED PAPER]

 

2. Short Answer Questions (Solve any 4 out of 6):          14 x 5 = 20J

a)       Internal itch disease.

b)      Explain Hahnernanns view about Psora.

c)       Write basic symptoms of Psora according to LH. Allen-

Therapeutic

e)                Di Terence between Homoeopathy and Allopathy according to Dunham.

f)                 Explain order of cure according to Robert.

3. Short Answer Questions (Solve any 4 out of 6):              14 ' 5 2O

a)          Explain Susceptibility according to Stuart Close

b)         Discuss Sanguinous Temperament according to Robert

c)            Write Mind of Psorn according to Kent.

d)           Explain Tubercular Diathesis according to Robert.

c) Explain I lerediatery Syphilitic symptoms according to Robert. 0 Explain Fundamental cause of the disease according to ihighes.

4. Long Answer Questions (Solve any 2 out of 4):      12X 10 = 201,

a)            Explain the ways in which a Suppression may take place according to

Allen.

b)           Explain !low Miasms are related to Pathology =cording to LH. Allen. c ) Write Dr. Halinemanns view about acute miasmatic diseases.

d) Explain Hahnemanns. view about Repetition of doses in the treatment of Chronic diseases.

Long Answer Questions (Any one from Q. No, 5, 6 and 7):     11 x 20 20J

S. Explain Protection from Sickness according to Kent

6           Discuss Complications of Sycosis in the first stage according to

LH. Allen.

7. Write Hughes view on Different Editions of Organon.

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✅ Q.2 – Short Answer Questions (Any 4 out of 6)

[4 × 5 = 20 Marks]

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a) Internal Itch Disease

• Refers to Psora, the most ancient and fundamental chronic miasm.

• Called the “internal itch” by Hahnemann because it originates from suppressed external skin eruptions, especially scabies.

• It is not just a skin disease but a dynamic disorder of the vital force.

• It represents chronic latent dyscrasia resulting in hundreds of chronic ailments.

• Suppression of this “itch” leads to internal, deep-seated diseases.

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b) Hahnemann's View About Psora

• Discussed extensively in Chronic Diseases.

• Hahnemann considered Psora as the most common and fundamental chronic miasm.

• Originates from suppression of skin eruptions (e.g., scabies).

• It manifests in both functional and structural chronic diseases.

• Leads to conditions like epilepsy, asthma, ulcers, mental illness.

• Psora is a dynamic, invisible internal disease, not just a local skin problem.

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c) Basic Symptoms of Psora According to L.H. Allen

• L.H. Allen classified Psoric manifestations as:

  • Functional disturbances more than structural

  • Symptoms are related to deficiency or lack

• Common features:

  1. Anxiety about future, fear of poverty

  2. Hypersensitivity to surroundings

  3. Constipation, skin eruptions

  4. Deficient secretions (dryness of skin, mucous membranes)

  5. Poor assimilation, delayed development in children

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d) Difference Between Homoeopathy and Allopathy According to Dunham

As per Carroll Dunham:

Parameter	Homoeopathy	Allopathy
Principle	Similia similibus curentur	Contraria contrariis curentur
Mode of action	Dynamic, vital force-based	Material, physiological-based
Drug selection	Individualization	Generalized
Doses	Minimum dose, potentised	Crude, material doses
Suppression	Avoided	Common (leads to complications)
Philosophy	Holistic and constitutional	Symptomatic and pathological

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e) Order of Cure According to Robert

Dr. H.A. Roberts, based on Hering's Law, proposed:

1. From above downwards

2. From within outwards

3. From more vital to less vital organs

4. In reverse order of appearance

5. Mental and emotional symptoms clear first

📝 Important in judging:

• Remedy action

• Direction of recovery

• Need for repetition or change in remedy

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✅ Q.3 – Short Answer Questions (Any 4 out of 6)

[4 × 5 = 20 Marks]

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a) Susceptibility According to Stuart Close

• Defined as the capacity of the organism to react to stimuli, especially therapeutic or pathogenic.

• Susceptibility is the basis for:

  • Selection of the similimum

  • Understanding disease progress

  • Estimating prognosis and dose

• Influenced by:

  • Age, temperament, habits, environment, miasmatic background

• High susceptibility → reacts well to high potencies

• Low susceptibility → requires lower or repeated doses

• Therapeutics should match susceptibility to achieve cure.

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b) Sanguine Temperament According to Roberts

• One of the four classical temperaments.

• Warm-blooded, cheerful, impulsive, emotional

• Physically: strong pulse, good digestion, active circulation

• Mentally: optimistic, sociable, quick learners

• Disease reaction: sudden onset, high fever, acute inflammation

• Remedies: Belladonna, Aconite, Gelsemium

• Therapeutic note: Responds well to acute prescriptions

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c) Mind of Psora According to Kent

• Psora represents the weakness and deficiency state.

• Kent described Psoric mental symptoms as:

  1. Anxiety about future

  2. Fear of poverty, criticism, failure

  3. Timidity, inferiority complex

  4. Tendency to dwell on past unpleasant events

  5. High moral sensitivity, religious melancholy

• Mentals dominate in Psoric patients and guide remedy selection (e.g., Ignatia, Sulphur)

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d) Tubercular Diathesis According to Roberts

• A mixed miasmatic state – Psora + Syphilis

• Inherited weakness from tubercular ancestors

• Physically: narrow chest, pale skin, hyperactive, emaciated

• Mentally: restless, ambitious, dissatisfied

• Symptoms:

  • Rapid weight loss, bleeding tendency

  • Weakness despite good appetite

• Remedies: Tuberculinum, Phosphorus, Bacillinum

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e) Hereditary Syphilitic Symptoms According to Roberts

• Syphilis affects offspring when contracted by parents.

• Symptoms seen from birth or develop in childhood:

  1. Congenital deformities (cleft palate, saddle nose)

  2. Hydrocephalus, enlarged liver/spleen

  3. Night bone pains, caries of long bones

  4. Recurrent ulcers, interstitial keratitis

• Mental: irritability, violence, early degeneration

• Requires deep anti-syphilitic remedies like Merc, Syphilinum

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f) Fundamental Cause of Disease According to Hughes

• Dr. R. Hughes believed:

  • Diseases arise due to morbid processes in tissues and fluids

  • Emphasis on physiological and pathological changes

  • Rejected the metaphysical idea of “vital force”

  • Favored clinical approach over miasmatic theory

  • Advocated using therapeutics based on pathology + symptomatology

  • Considered disease a natural response to biological disturbance

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✅ Q.4 – Long Answer Questions (Any 2 out of 4)

[2 × 10 = 20 Marks – MUHS Format]

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🔷 a) Ways in Which Suppression May Take Place According to Dr. Allen

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A. Definition of Suppression

Suppression refers to removal of superficial disease manifestations (e.g., eruptions, discharges) without curing the internal dynamic disorder.

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B. Allen's Classification of Suppression

Dr. L.H. Allen identified multiple ways suppression can occur:

🔹 1. By External Applications

• Use of ointments, creams, caustics

• Suppresses skin eruptions (e.g., eczema, psoriasis)

• Leads to deeper diseases: asthma, arthritis, insanity

🔹 2. By Surgical Removal

• Cutting off warts, hemorrhoids, tumors

• Fails to remove internal dyscrasia

• Can cause metastasis or internal organ affections

🔹 3. By Purgatives and Cathartics

• Forcibly removing secretions (e.g., diarrhea, menses)

• May block natural curative efforts of the body

🔹 4. By Mental Suppression

• Repression of grief, anger, fear

• Leads to neurosis, hysteria, chronic mental diseases

🔹 5. By Overuse of Chemical Drugs

• Use of antibiotics, steroids, or analgesics

• Leads to drug dependency, suppresses immunity

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C. Homoeopathic Viewpoint

• Suppression is antipathic and palliative

• Prevents true cure, aggravates miasmatic influence

• Hahnemann condemned suppression in Aphorisms 59, 60 & 203

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D. Examples of Suppression

Suppressed Condition	Resulting Deeper Disease
Eczema	Asthma, epilepsy
Gonorrhea	Rheumatism, mental disease
Leucorrhoea	Infertility, uterine fibroids
Grief	Hypothyroidism, heart disease

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E. Management

• Take complete history to trace suppressed symptoms

• Use anti-miasmatic remedies (e.g., Sulphur, Thuja, Nat mur)

• Allow old symptoms to return for curative response

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F. Conclusion

Dr. Allen emphasized that recognizing suppression is key to understanding chronic disease evolution. Homoeopathy must liberate suppressed expressions to cure the patient constitutionally.

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🔷 b) How Miasms Are Related to Pathology According to L.H. Allen

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A. Introduction

Dr. L.H. Allen emphasized that miasms are the dynamic basis of chronic diseases, and their expression gives rise to pathological changes in tissues and organs.

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B. Three Basic Miasms and Pathology

Miasm	Nature	Pathological Expression
Psora	Deficiency, underaction	Functional disorders, skin eruptions, atrophy
Sycosis	Excess, overaction	Hyperplasia, warts, polyps, hypertrophy
Syphilis	Destruction, disintegration	Ulcers, bone decay, paralysis, malignancy

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C. Stages of Disease Development

1. Dynamic Disturbance

   • Functional disorders: anxiety, indigestion, neuralgia

2. Structural Damage

   • Organ involvement: fibrosis, ulcers, tumors

3. Destruction/Deformity

   • End-stage pathology: bone necrosis, cancer, paralysis

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D. Miasms and Organ Affection

Organ Affected	Psoric Manifestations	Sycotic	Syphilitic
Skin	Dryness, itching	Warts, cracks	Ulcers, fissures
Lungs	Asthma, TB tendency	Emphysema, fibrosis	Cavitations, hemoptysis
Bones	Weakness, cramps	Periostitis	Caries, necrosis

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E. Importance in Treatment

• Understanding miasmatic background helps:

  • Select constitutional remedy

  • Prevent suppression

  • Judge disease progress and prognosis

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✅ Q.4 – Long Answer Questions (Remaining 2)

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🔷 c) Dr. Hahnemann’s View About Acute Miasmatic Diseases

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A. Definition

Acute miasmatic diseases are acute disorders caused by acute contagions, usually having a fixed course, known beginning, climax, and end.

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B. Hahnemann’s View (Aphorisms 72–74)

• Non-recurrent acute miasms:

  • Have one-time action (e.g., smallpox, measles)

  • Do not linger unless improperly treated

  • Leave the body entirely if cured or resolved

• Recurrent acute miasms:

  • E.g., malaria, cholera, influenza

  • Return under certain conditions, especially without full recovery or proper management

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C. Nature of Acute Miasms

1. Always have an infectious cause

2. Incubation → Prodrome → Eruptive → Decline phases

3. Characteristic symptom picture allows for genus epidemicus remedy

4. May end in death, recovery, or chronic complications if mismanaged

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D. Examples of Acute Miasmatic Diseases

Disease	Miasm Type	Remedy Example
Measles	Non-recurrent	Pulsatilla, Bryonia
Cholera	Recurrent	Camphora, Verat. alb
Typhoid	Recurrent	Baptisia, Arsenic alb

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E. Management

• Treat with acute similimum or genus epidemicus

• Observe symptom stages

• Watch for transition to chronic state if unresolved

• If chronic miasm arises, give anti-miasmatic remedy later

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🔷 d) Repetition of Doses in Chronic Diseases (Hahnemann's View)

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A. Early View (5th Edition Organon)

• Avoid frequent repetition

• Wait until remedy acts fully

• Repetition only when:

  • Symptoms return

  • Case relapses

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B. Later View (6th Edition Organon – Aphorisms 245–251)

• Introduced repetition of medicinal doses in chronic cases

• LM potency introduced for:

  • Gentle, rapid and permanent cure

  • Minimal aggravation

  • Frequent repetition (daily or alternate days)

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C. Guidelines for Repetition

1. In acute cases – repeat every few hours/minutes

2. In chronic cases – LM potency daily in water

3. Stop if:

   • Clear improvement is observed

   • Aggravation appears

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D. Potency Selection and Dose Size

Potency Type	Used For	Dose Frequency
30C	General use	Single/repeated
200C	Strong constitution	At intervals
LM	Chronic cases	Frequently in water

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✅ Q.5 – Protection from Sickness According to Kent

[20 Marks]

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A. Introduction

Dr. J.T. Kent emphasized that health is a spiritual and dynamic state. Protection from sickness comes not only through physical measures, but by maintaining harmony of vital force.

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B. Ways to Protect Health According to Kent

🔹 1. Proper Homoeopathic Treatment

• Strengthens vital force

• Corrects inherited or acquired miasmatic tendencies

• Prevents disease relapses

🔹 2. Healthy Environment and Hygiene

• Clean air, water, food

• Prevents exposure to pathogens

🔹 3. Moral and Mental Stability

• Mental stress, emotional conflicts affect susceptibility

• Purity of thought, peace, prayer keep person balanced

🔹 4. Avoidance of Suppressive Treatments

• No allopathic suppressants

• Prevent disease from going deeper

🔹 5. Understanding Susceptibility

• Each person has unique threshold

• Prevent illness by modifying exposure and environment

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C. Kent's View on Susceptibility and Prevention

• Disease enters only when susceptibility aligns with cause

• Homoeopathic remedies raise resistance

• E.g., use of genus epidemicus in cholera, flu, etc.

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D. Spiritual and Vital Harmony

• Protection is not only external

• Should aim to elevate the soul and spirit

• True healing protects body, mind, and soul

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E. Conclusion

Kent viewed protection from sickness as a blend of dynamic health, moral purity, and homoeopathic constitutional care. Health is maintained by preventing internal disturbance, not just fighting external causes.

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✅ Q.6 – Complications of Sycosis in First Stage According to L.H. Allen

[20 Marks]

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A. Introduction

Sycosis is the gonorrheal miasm. L.H. Allen viewed it as a miasm of excess and overgrowth. Its early (first stage) may begin subtly but leads to serious internal complications if ignored or suppressed.

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B. First Stage of Sycosis

• Begins with local gonorrhea

• Suppression via injections or antibiotics

• Latent miasm spreads systemically

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C. Complications in First Stage

Complication	Description
Rheumatism	Gonorrheal arthritis, especially knees, ankles
Orchitis	Testicular swelling, pain
Cystitis	Bladder inflammation
Conjunctivitis	Gonorrheal eye discharge
Skin Affections	Moist eruptions, warts, condylomata
Genital Warts	Overgrowths around genitalia
Polyuria	Urinary frequency, urethral discharge persists

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D. Mental Symptoms in Sycosis (Allen)

• Suspiciousness

• Secretive, jealous

• Fixed ideas and compulsions

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E. Homoeopathic Management

• Anti-sycotic remedies: Thuja, Medorrhinum, Nitric acid

• Watch for alternating symptoms

• Avoid suppressive treatments

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F. Conclusion

L.H. Allen taught that sycosis, when not treated miasmatically, leads to multi-system complications. Early diagnosis and constitutional remedy prevents chronicity.

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✅ Q.7 – Hughes' View on Different Editions of Organon

[20 Marks]

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A. Introduction

Dr. Richard Hughes, a practical-minded homoeopath, critically examined Hahnemann’s Organon editions (1st to 6th). He appreciated early works but was skeptical of later metaphysical developments.

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B. Views on Different Editions

Edition	Hughes' Opinion
1st & 2nd	Balanced, practical – focused on similars
3rd	Acceptable – includes chronic disease theory
4th	Begins metaphysical shift – vital force introduced
5th	Introduces dynamisation and potentisation
6th	Too speculative – LM potencies and vitalism emphasized

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C. Major Criticisms by Hughes

• Disagreed with vital force theory

• Rejected miasmatic classification as vague

• Preferred physiological-pathological basis

• Against spiritualisation of medicine

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D. Strengths According to Hughes

• Acknowledged clinical accuracy of drug provings

• Appreciated individualization

• Supported minimum dose in principle

• Valued empirical drug application